Forum Bibliography

This bibliography gathers writings by participants in the forum together with selected articles, reports, and media that inform the discussions on music, artificial intelligence, and cultural labor. It is here as a resource for participants who wish to explore these issues before or after the event.

Arewa, Olufunmilayo B. “Creativity, Improvisation, and Risk: Copyright and Musical Innovation.” Notre Dame Law Review 86, no. 5 (2011): 1829–1846.

———. “The Freedom to Copy: Copyright, Creation, and Context.” UC Davis Law Review 41, no. 2 (2007): 477–558.

Arewa, Olufunmilayo B., and Matt Stahl. “Prospecting, Sharecropping, and the Recording Industry.” Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law 25, no. 2 (2023): 267–289.

Avdeeff, Melissa. “Artificial Intelligence & Popular Music: SKYGGE, Flow Machines, and the Audio Uncanny Valley.” Arts 8, no. 4 (2019): 1–13.

Blackmar, Matthew. “Just Pattern Recognition: Fair-Use Copyright, Hip Hop, and Digital Music Practice from the Era of Algorithms to the Era of AI.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, forthcoming 2027. Embargoed until June 2027.

Damle, Sy. Statement before the House Committee on the Judiciary. Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property: Part I—Interoperability of AI and Copyright Law. 118th Cong., 2023.

DeFrancesco, Joey LaNeve. “Musicians Can and Should Organize to Improve Their Pay and Working Conditions.” Jacobin, February 1, 2020.

———. “When Musicians Went on Strike—and Won.” Jacobin, March 6, 2022.

———. “Musicians Against Live Nation–Ticketmaster.” Jacobin, October 3, 2025.

Drott, Eric. “Copyright, Compensation, and Commons in the Music AI Industry.” Creative Industries Journal 14, no. 2 (2021): 190–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2020.1839702.

———. “Music as a Technology of Surveillance.” Journal of the Society for American Music 12, no. 3 (2018): 233–267.

———. Streaming Music, Streaming Capital. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2024.

García, Kristelia A. Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property: Part III – IP Protection for AI-Assisted Inventions and Creative Works: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet of the House Committee on the Judiciary, 118th Congress, April 10, 2024. Statement of Kristelia A. García. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2024.

Harleston, Jeffrey. Statement before the House Committee on the Judiciary. Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property: Part II—Copyright. 118th Cong., 2023.

Pelly, Liz. “Big Mood Machine: Inside Spotify’s Emotional Surveillance-Driven Quest for Total Ad Domination.” The Baffler, June 10, 2019.

———. “Giant Sucking Sounds: Amazon’s Quest to Bleed Music Dry.” The Baffler, July 2023.

———. “Spotify Pushes an Uber-like Model for Independent Artists.” The Baffler, October 1, 2018.

———. Mood Machine: The Rise of Spotify and the Costs of the Perfect Playlist. New York: One Signal Publishers, 2025.

Reynolds, Atticus. Afro-Cuban Batá Brumming: Composition, Abstraction, and the Grid. PhD diss., University of California, Irvine, 2023.

Snyder, Brandon L. W. “Web Audio in Contemporary Music: Browser Sound Festival.” Self-published paper, 2024.

———. “Will NFTs Actually Help Artists Make Money? Royalties and Smart Contracts.” October 8, 2023.

Toomey, Jenny. “What the Digital Streaming Revolution of the 2000s Can Teach Us about the AI Revolution Today, According to a Former Musician.” Fast Company, March 4, 2024.

U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 1: Digital Replicas. Report of the Register of Copyrights. July 31, 2024. (Jalyce Mangum served as Assistant General Counsel and contributor to this report.)

———. Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 2: Copyrightability. Report of the Register of Copyrights. January 29, 2025. (Jalyce Mangum served as Assistant General Counsel and contributor to this report.)

———. Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 3: Generative AI Training (pre-publication version). May 9, 2025. (Jalyce Mangum served as Assistant General Counsel and contributor to this report.)

News Coverage, Interviews, and Media Appearances

Alper, Max. “Learning to Listen: A Conversation with Liz Pelly.” The Baffler, January 23, 2025.

Frazier, Nina. “Artists Rally Behind the NO FAKES Act to Protect Against AI Misuse at Senate Hearing.” Recording Academy, June 2, 2025.

CBS Mornings. “Creator of AI Artist Says There’s ‘a Real Person Behind Xania’ Amid Controversy.” YouTube, October 2025.

Redito, Mark, host. “From 24/7 Streams to Live Prompt Jockeying: CJ and Zack (Dadabots).” Softmax podcast. Interview with CJ Carr and Zack Zukowski. September 19, 2025.